Direct Strikes:
* Electrocution: The primary danger of a direct strike is the immense electrical current passing through the body. This can cause:
* Cardiac arrest: The heart may be overwhelmed and stop beating.
* Respiratory failure: The lungs may stop working due to muscle paralysis.
* Severe burns: The intense heat of the lightning can cause deep, extensive burns on the skin.
* Neurological damage: The electrical current can damage nerves and the brain, leading to long-term problems like seizures, paralysis, and cognitive impairments.
Indirect Strikes:
* Ground Currents: Lightning can travel through the ground for significant distances. Anyone standing near the strike point can be electrocuted by these ground currents.
* Contact with objects: Even if you aren't directly struck, lightning can travel through metal objects like fences, water pipes, or trees. Touching these objects after a strike can result in electrocution.
* Blast Wave: Lightning strikes can create a powerful blast wave that can knock people down or cause injuries.
* Shockwaves: Lightning can also cause shockwaves in the air, which can cause ear damage or even ruptured eardrums.
Long-Term Effects:
* Post-lightning Syndrome: Some people experience long-term health problems after a lightning strike, even if they didn't seem seriously injured. This can include:
* Memory problems:
* Headaches:
* Sleep disorders:
* Emotional instability:
* Pain in the extremities:
Prevention:
* Seek Shelter: During a thunderstorm, seek immediate shelter indoors or in a hard-top vehicle.
* Avoid Open Fields: Open fields and areas with tall, isolated trees are more vulnerable to lightning strikes.
* Stay Away from Water: Lightning can travel through water, making it dangerous to be in or near lakes, rivers, or pools.
* Avoid Metal Objects: Avoid contact with metal objects like fences, pipes, and umbrellas during a thunderstorm.
If Someone is Struck:
* Call for Immediate Medical Help: Lightning strikes are medical emergencies. Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
* Do Not Touch the Victim: They may still be carrying an electrical charge.
* Check for Breathing: If the victim is not breathing, begin CPR.
* Follow Instructions: The emergency medical professionals will guide you on how to provide appropriate care.
Remember: Lightning is a powerful force of nature. Taking precautions and staying safe is crucial when thunderstorms are present.