What disease starling spread?

Sturnus vulgaris, commonly known as the European starling or common starling, is a passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is native to Eurasia and has been introduced to many parts of the world, where it has become an invasive species. Starlings are known to spread several diseases, including:

- Histoplasmosis: Starlings can carry Histoplasma capsulatum, the fungus that causes histoplasmosis. This disease is most commonly found in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys in the United States, but can also be found in other areas where starlings are present. Histoplasmosis is typically a mild respiratory illness, but can be more severe in people with weakened immune systems.

- Salmonellosis: Starlings can also carry Salmonella bacteria, which can cause salmonellosis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. Salmonellosis is typically spread through contaminated food or water, but can also be spread by contact with infected animals.

- Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan that causes cryptosporidiosis, can also be spread by starlings. This disease is characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Cryptosporidiosis is typically spread through contaminated water, but can also be spread by contact with infected animals.

- Other diseases: Starlings can also carry other diseases, including avian influenza, Newcastle disease, and West Nile virus. These diseases can pose a serious threat to both humans and animals.