Feathers and Down
Canada geese have two layers of feathers: an outer layer of waterproof feathers and an inner layer of down. The down is what keeps them warm, and it is made up of tiny, fluffy feathers that trap air and create insulation. The outer layer of feathers helps to keep the down dry and in place.
Webbed Feet
The Canada goose's webbed feet help it to swim in icy waters. The webbing between its toes increases the surface area of its feet, which helps to distribute its weight and prevent it from sinking. This allows them to access food sources in the water, even when it is covered in ice or snow.
Long Neck
The Canada goose's long neck allows it to reach food that may be buried under the snow. They also use their long necks to reach food that is in tall trees.
Social Behavior
Canada geese live in flocks of varying sizes. Living in flocks helps to conserve body heat and stay safe from predators. When one goose senses danger, it will call out a warning to the rest of the flock, giving them time to fly away or take cover.
Migration
When winter conditions become too severe, Canada geese will migrate south to warmer climates. They will typically travel in flocks of thousands, and they may travel as far as Mexico or South America.
By adapting to the cold, this species of waterfowl has been able to survive and thrive in the northern regions of North America for thousands of years.