1. Scientific purposes or to enhance the propagation or survival of the species.
2. Incidental taking, which is the unintentional or accidental taking of an endangered species in the course of carrying out otherwise lawful activities.
3. Conservation purposes, such as population control, habitat restoration, and reintroduction efforts.
4. Hardship exemptions for activities that would otherwise result in undue economic hardship.
5. Taking for certain Native American religious purposes.
6. Take associated with military readiness activities or national security.
7. Take authorized under federal regulations, such as those for endangered species recovery plans.
It's important to note that each of these exceptions has specific criteria and requirements that must be met in order to be authorized, and permits or other forms of authorization are often required. The ESA also provides for strict penalties for any unauthorized take of endangered or threatened species.