1. Trigger Hairs:
- The Venus fly trap has sensitive trigger hairs on the inner surfaces of its lobes. These hairs act as sensors.
2. Initial Contact:
- When an insect or other small creature touches one of the trigger hairs, it triggers an electrical signal transmission.
3. Rapid Leaf Closure:
- When two or more trigger hairs are stimulated within a short period (usually around 20 seconds), the trap's lobes snap shut rapidly, enclosing the prey within the chamber-like structure.
4. Digestive Enzymes:
- Small spikes on the inner surface of the trap are used to hold the prey while tiny, digestive glands start secreting enzymes that break down the insect's body.
5. Reopening of the Trap:
- If the captured organism struggles and stimulates the trigger hairs inside the trap, the trap will remain closed for up to several days. However, if no movement is detected after a certain period (usually a day), the trap will reopen if successful prey capture hasn't occurred.
6. Absorption and Nutrient Cycling:
- The enzymes secreted by the Venus fly trap liquefy the insect's soft tissues, releasing nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The plant absorbs these nutrients through specialized cells in its leaves.
7. Recycling of the Trap:
- After several uses or if no prey is captured for a prolonged period, the trap will turn black and eventually wither away. The plant conserves energy by recycling the nutrients from the old trap into forming new leaves.
It's important to note that the movement and closure of the Venus fly trap are accomplished through a process known as hydraulic amplification, where fluid builds up rapidly in the cells of the trap, resulting in the sudden snapping motion. This system ensures efficient capture and minimizes the escape of potential prey.