* Zooplankton: Tiny animals that graze on phytoplankton and are eaten by larger animals.
* Nekton: Free-swimming animals such as fish, seals, and whales.
* Benthos: Organisms that live on or in the bottom sediments, including seaweeds, clams, and worms.
* Ice algae: Algae that grow on the underside of sea ice and provide food for a variety of animals, including polar bears and seals.