- Some penguins are known as "pursuit divers." They pursue their underwater prey by swimming vigorously after them.
Waiting and ambushing:
- Other species employ a "waiting and ambushing" strategy. They patiently wait in a suitable spot, often submerged, and then swiftly strike when prey pass nearby.
Surface Seizing:
- Some penguins catch their prey on the water's surface. They observe prey from the surface, dive under, and capture it with their beaks.
Cooperative hunting:
- Certain penguin colonies might engage in cooperative hunting strategies, where groups of penguins work together to encircle and capture large schools of fish or krill.
The effectiveness of these hunting techniques greatly depends on the individual species' morphology, habitat, and specialized adaptations.