Thermoregulation: Ostriches use their feathers to help regulate their body temperature. Feathers provide insulation, keeping them warm in cooler temperatures and preventing heat loss. Conversely, they can fluff their feathers to promote airflow and cooling when it's hot.
Mating displays: During courtship rituals, male ostriches engage in elaborate feather displays to attract females. They puff up their feathers, making themselves appear larger and more impressive, which enhances their chances of attracting mates.
Camouflage: Ostrich feathers, though not as effective for camouflage as the plumage of other bird species, still play a role in breaking up the ostrich's outline and helping it blend into its environment, especially when it's sitting on its nest or in open areas.
Defense: While not known for being aggressive, ostriches may use their wings, including their feathers, as a form of defense when threatened. They can swiftly kick with their powerful legs, and the wings and feathers can help amplify the impact and potentially deter predators.
Social signals: Ostriches use their feathers to communicate nonverbally with each other. Feather postures, movements, and displays can convey information about dominance, submission, territorial claims, and other social interactions within their groups.
Running and balance: Although not as critical as wings for flying, ostriches still use their wings, which have large feathers, to aid in running. They maintain their balance and stability, especially during high-speed sprints, using their wings to counterbalance their heavy bodies and long necks.
Nest-building: Ostrich feathers play a vital role in constructing their nests. Ostriches create shallow depressions in the sand, and they line these nests with feathers, grasses, and other materials. Feathers provide comfort and insulation for the eggs and help regulate temperature during incubation.