Loss of waterproofing: Bird feathers are naturally waterproof, which helps them stay afloat in water and keep warm. When feathers are coated in oil, they lose their waterproofing ability, causing birds to lose body heat and become more susceptible to hypothermia, especially in cold environments.
Ingestion: Birds may ingest the oil while trying to preen and clean their feathers. Oil ingestion can cause a variety of health problems, including damage to internal organs, digestive issues, and impaired vision.
Reduced flight ability: Oil-soaked feathers can weigh birds down and impair their ability to fly properly. This can make it difficult for them to escape predators, find food, and migrate. Reduced flight ability can also increase the risk of injury or death.
Hypothermia: Birds rely on their feathers to maintain their body temperature. Oil acts as an insulator and prevents the feathers from fluffing up, which can cause the bird to become cold. Cold temperatures can lead to a higher chance of death.
Preening behavior: Birds spend a considerable amount of time preening their feathers to maintain them in good condition. When their feathers are coated in oil, it becomes difficult for them to preen effectively. This can lead to feather damage and an increased risk of infection.
Habitat contamination: Oil spills can contaminate large areas of water and land, which can directly affect bird habitats and food sources. Birds that come into contact with oil-polluted water or surfaces can suffer long-term health effects.