Predators:
* Larger birds of prey: Eagles, hawks, and owls can prey on falcons, especially young or weakened individuals.
* Mammals: Larger mammals like foxes, coyotes, and even domestic dogs can attack falcons, especially when they are nesting.
Competition:
* Other falcons: Different falcon species may compete for food and territory.
* Hawks: Some hawks, like Cooper's hawks, can compete with falcons for prey.
Parasites and diseases:
* Mites and ticks: These parasites can weaken falcons.
* Diseases: Like many birds, falcons can be affected by diseases like avian influenza.
Human impact:
* Habitat loss and degradation: This makes it harder for falcons to find food and nesting sites.
* Pollution: Pollution can affect their health and ability to reproduce.
It's important to note that the specific enemies of falcons vary depending on the species and location.