1. Food Availability: Birds need to eat, and their food sources can be limited by the seasons, weather patterns, or natural disasters. For example:
* Seasonal changes: In winter, many insects disappear, forcing insectivorous birds to migrate south in search of food.
* Droughts: Droughts can lead to a shortage of seeds and fruits, making it difficult for birds to find enough food.
* Natural disasters: Wildfires can destroy entire ecosystems, leaving birds with little or no food.
2. Breeding Habitat: Birds need suitable places to build nests and raise their young. Factors that can limit suitable breeding habitat include:
* Loss of forest habitat: Deforestation and urbanization can destroy the trees and other habitats birds need for nesting.
* Climate change: Climate change can alter weather patterns, leading to more extreme weather events, droughts, and floods, making it difficult for birds to find safe and suitable nesting sites.
* Competition: As human populations grow, competition for resources, including nesting sites, increases, making it more difficult for some species to establish territories.
These are just two examples, and many other factors can influence bird movement, such as disease, predators, and even human disturbance.