1. Airflow: When you blow into the recorder, you create a stream of air that flows into the instrument.
2. Embouchure: The way you shape your mouth and lips when you blow into the recorder affects the sound it makes.
3. Air Pressure: The amount of air pressure you use when you blow into the recorder also affects the sound.
4. Finger Holes: The recorder has several holes along its length. When you cover or uncover these holes with your fingers, you change the pitch of the sound.
5. Resonance: The recorder's body is designed to resonate with the sound waves produced inside it. This resonance amplifies the sound and gives the recorder its characteristic tone.