Feeding: Pigeons have a unique tongue adaption called the "lingual gland." This gland secretes a sticky substance that helps the bird pick up and retain food. When the pigeon is actively searching for food, it may extend its tongue out of its beak to better access food in small spaces.
Heat Regulation: Panting is a common way for many animals, including birds, to regulate their body temperature. When a pigeon becomes overheated, it may pant with its tongue hanging out to release excess heat and cool down its body.
Respiration Difficulty: In some cases, a pigeon's tongue hanging out of its mouth could indicate respiratory problems. If the bird is experiencing respiratory distress or difficulty breathing, its tongue may protrude as an attempt to increase air intake.
Injury or Trauma: If a pigeon has sustained an injury or trauma to its mouth or tongue, it may result in the tongue hanging out of the beak.
Disease or Infection: Certain diseases or infections can affect a pigeon's tongue, causing it to become swollen and protrude from the mouth.
Stress: In some cases, extreme stress or anxiety can lead to a pigeon displaying unusual behavior, including holding its tongue out of its beak.
It is important to note that if you observe a pigeon with its tongue hanging out of its mouth for an extended period or if it is accompanied by other signs of distress, it's best to consult with a veterinarian or expert in bird care for proper diagnosis and treatment.