* Size: Male pigeons are typically larger than female pigeons.
* Color: Male pigeons often have brighter and more vibrant colors than female pigeons. This is particularly evident in the neck and breast feathers.
* Voice: Male pigeons typically have a louder and more varied vocal repertoire than female pigeons.
* Behavior: Male pigeons are often more territorial and aggressive than female pigeons. They are also more likely to display courtship behaviors, such as bowing and cooing.
Of course, there is some variation within each sex, and not all male and female pigeons will conform to these stereotypes. However, these are some of the general differences that can be observed between male and female pigeons.