1. Bird Spikes or Wires: Installing physical barriers, such as bird spikes or wires on ledges or rooftops, can deter pigeons from roosting or nesting.
2. Netting or Caging: Covering areas with netting or caging can prevent pigeons from accessing particular locations or resources.
3. Poison or Baiting: Using poisoned bait or grain mixed with bird seed to intentionally kill pigeons is considered inhumane and is illegal in many places.
4. Trapping and Euthanasia: Traps can be set to capture pigeons humanely, and subsequent euthanasia can be carried out by qualified personnel.
5. Shooting or Hunting: In some regions, hunting or shooting pigeons is permitted under specific regulations and hunting seasons.
6. Nest Removal: Removing pigeon nests discourages them from breeding and nesting in certain areas.
7. Falconry: Using trained falcons or other birds of prey for population control is another means of reducing the pigeon population.
8. Disease Control: Applying pesticides or disinfectants to eliminate parasites and diseases that may affect pigeon populations.
9. Noise Deterrents: Loud, irregular sounds, such as sonic devices or distress calls, can scare away pigeons.
10. Population Control Programs: Some cities implement long-term population control measures, including sterilization, egg shaking, and targeted culling.
It is important to note that the effectiveness of these methods can vary, and killing pigeons is subject to animal cruelty laws in many jurisdictions. Some approaches, such as poisoning, traps, and shooting, should only be carried out by authorized professionals due to safety, legal, and ethical concerns. Non-lethal deterrents are often preferable and more effective in managing pigeon populations without causing unnecessary harm.