The cause of swan beak is not fully understood, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic factors and abnormal fetal development. It is associated with a number of genetic disorders, including Down syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, and Treacher Collins syndrome.
Swan beak can cause a number of problems, including difficulty eating, breathing, and speech. It can also lead to malocclusion and facial deformity. Treatment for swan beak may involve surgery to correct the shape of the upper jaw and to improve function.