When and at what age do baby birds start flying?

Baby birds, known as nestlings, are born flightless and rely on their parents for food and care. The age at which baby birds begin to fly, also known as fledging, varies widely among different bird species. Here's a general overview:

* Passerines (Perching Birds): Most passerine species, such as sparrows, robins, and finches, begin flying at around 10 to 21 days old. These birds are considered "altricial," meaning they hatch in a relatively helpless state and require extensive care from their parents.

* Waterfowl (Ducks, Geese, Swans): Waterfowl species have precocial young that are able to walk, swim, and feed themselves shortly after hatching. They usually start flying within 2 to 4 weeks of hatching.

* Raptors (Birds of Prey): Raptors, such as hawks, falcons, and eagles, take a longer time to become airborne. Depending on the species, they may start flying anywhere from 6 weeks to several months after hatching.

* Seabirds (Gulls, Terns, Albatrosses): Seabirds, particularly larger species like albatrosses, can take several months or even years before they achieve full flight capability.

In addition to these general patterns, there can be variations within species and even among individual birds. Factors such as the availability of food, weather conditions, and the presence of predators can influence the age at which baby birds fledge.

The process of fledging is gradual, involving several stages. Initially, baby birds may take short flights or jumps from the nest. As they gain strength, they begin to explore further and eventually become independent flyers. During this period, parents may continue to provide food and guidance until the young birds are fully capable of taking care of themselves.

Fledging is a significant milestone in a bird's development, marking their transition to independence and life outside the nest.