How are messages sent using pigeons?

Messages may be written on thin, light paper and attached between a split quill that is bound to the pigeon's leg or attached to a capsule fixed over or under the wing or tail feathers. For maximum endurance pigeons are typically flown only in daylight and with tailwinds, and only after having been prepared. They can only return to a loft or cote (or columbarium).

Pigeons have excellent homing abilities for two basic reasons: one or more internal compasses; a visual memory for landmarks to recognize while en route (especially useful near its own familiar territory).