1. Vision: Geese have eyes that are located on the sides of their heads, which gives them a wide field of vision. However, they have a blind spot directly in front of their beaks. By moving their heads from side to side, geese can compensate for this blind spot and get a better view of their surroundings.
2. Balance: Geese have long necks that can be up to one-third of their total body length. This long neck can make them top-heavy, and they need to move their heads to maintain their balance.
3. Communication: Geese use head movements to communicate with each other. For example, a goose may extend its neck and hiss to show aggression, or it may tuck its head and lower its neck to show submission.
4. Eating: Geese use their beaks to eat, and they need to move their heads to reach the food.
5. Preening: Geese use their beaks to preen their feathers, and they need to move their heads to reach all the different areas of their bodies.