Which of the follwing is an effect reduction in bird populations?

There can be several effects of reduction in bird populations. Two such effects are:

- Loss of ecosystem services: Birds provide many important ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and insect control. The reduction in bird populations can disrupt these services, which can have negative impacts on human well-being and the environment.

- Disruption of food webs: Birds are an important part of many food webs. They prey on insects and other small animals, and they are a food source for larger animals such as hawks, owls, and snakes. The reduction in bird populations can disrupt these food webs, causing population fluctuations and even extinction of other species.