How do vocal chords work?

Vocal cords are elastic bands of tissue located within the larynx, commonly known as the voice box. They are responsible for producing the sounds we make when we speak, sing, or even whisper. Let's explore how vocal cords work:

1. Airflow from the Lungs: When we breathe in, air enters our lungs and passes through the trachea towards the larynx.

2. Larynx and Vocal Folds: The larynx is a cartilaginous structure that houses the vocal cords. Inside the larynx, there are two vocal folds, also known as vocal cords. Each vocal fold consists of a ligament, a muscle, and a mucous membrane.

3. Adduction of Vocal Folds: During speech or singing, the muscles of the larynx bring the vocal folds closer together, causing them to adduct or come in contact with each other.

4. Bernoulli Effect: As the air from the lungs passes through the narrowed space between the vocal folds, the pressure of the air increases. This increase in air pressure creates a phenomenon known as the Bernoulli effect.

5. Vibration: The high pressure of the air causes the flexible vocal folds to vibrate or oscillate rapidly, generating sound waves. The frequency of vibration determines the pitch of the sound produced.

6. Resonance: The vibrations produced by the vocal folds are then amplified and shaped by the resonating chambers of the vocal tract. These resonators include the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and sinuses.

7. Articulation: The movements of the lips, tongue, and jaw, along with the resonance of the vocal tract, further shape the sound waves, creating distinct speech sounds.

The complex interactions between the vocal folds, airflow, and resonators allow us to produce a wide range of sounds, including voiced sounds like vowels and voiced consonants, as well as unvoiced sounds like voiceless consonants.

Damage or abnormalities to the vocal cords can cause vocal problems such as hoarseness, vocal strain, or loss of voice. Maintaining vocal health is essential for clear and effective communication.