What are some non-native species in the tundra?

* Arctic lupine (Lupinus arcticus): This flowering plant is native to North America, but has been introduced to the tundra in some areas of Europe and Asia. It is a fast-growing plant that can form dense stands, which can crowd out native vegetation.

* Small ermine (Mustela nivalis): This small carnivorous mammal is native to Europe, but has been introduced to some areas of the tundra in North America. It is a voracious predator that can have a devastating impact on native rodent populations.

* Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus): This large hare is native to North America, but has been introduced to some areas of the tundra in Europe and Asia. It is a herbivorous mammal that can damage native vegetation, especially when populations are high.

* Wood frog (Rana sylvatica): This frog is native to North America, but has been introduced to some areas of the tundra in Europe and Asia. It is a semi-aquatic frog that can compete with native frog species for resources.

* European common reed (Phragmites australis): This tall grass is native to Europe, but has been introduced to some areas of the tundra in North America. It is a fast-growing plant that can form dense stands, which can block sunlight from reaching native plants.