These are the most common type of monsoon and are caused by the differential heating of land and sea. During the summer, the land heats up more quickly than the sea, causing the air over the land to rise. This creates a low-pressure area over the land, which attracts air from the sea. The air from the sea is cooler and more humid, and as it rises over the land, it cools and condenses, releasing its moisture as rain. This process is reversed in the winter, when the land cools more quickly than the sea, causing the air over the land to sink and the air from the sea to rise. This results in dry conditions over the land.
2. Burst monsoons:
These are short-lived monsoons that occur when there is a sudden change in the atmospheric circulation. They are often associated with tropical cyclones and can cause widespread flooding.
3. Droughts:
Droughts are the opposite of monsoons and occur when there is a prolonged period of dry weather. They can be caused by a number of factors, including changes in the atmospheric circulation, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and climate change.