1. Fishes:
- Aquatic vertebrates with gills for breathing.
- Include jawless fishes (lampreys, hagfish) and jawed fishes (sharks, rays, bony fishes).
2. Amphibians:
- Semi-aquatic vertebrates that can live both in water and on land.
- Include frogs, salamanders, caecilians.
3. Reptiles:
- Terrestrial vertebrates with dry, scaly skin and lungs for breathing.
- Include snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles.
4. Birds:
- Warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers, wings for flight, and beaks.
- Include various species of birds, from songbirds to birds of prey.
5. Mammals:
- Warm-blooded vertebrates with fur or hair, mammary glands for nursing their young, and a four-chambered heart.
- Include humans, primates, rodents, carnivores, herbivores, etc.