1. Overall Size: Male wild turkeys (gobblers) are generally larger than females (hens). Gobblers can weigh up to 25 pounds, while hens typically weigh between 10 and 12 pounds.
2. Coloration: Gobblers have more vibrant and iridescent feathers compared to hens. Their feathers often display a combination of bronze, green, and blue iridescence. Hens, on the other hand, have duller and more subdued coloration, primarily consisting of brown, gray, and tan shades.
3. Tail Feathers: Male turkeys have longer tail feathers than females. The tail feathers of gobblers can reach up to 18 inches in length and are often tipped with white. Hens have shorter tail feathers that are usually less than 12 inches long and do not have white tips.
4. Head and Neck: Gobblers have a prominent fleshy protuberance on their forehead called the "snood." The snood is typically red, white, or blue and is more pronounced during breeding season. Hens do not have a snood. Additionally, male turkeys have longer, thicker neck feathers that can be erected during courtship displays.
5. Breast Feathers: Male turkeys have a distinctive "beard" consisting of long, hair-like feathers on their chest. The beard can be up to 10 inches long and is an important visual cue for females during courtship. Hens do not have a beard.
6. Spurs: Male turkeys have sharp, pointed spurs on the backs of their legs. Spurs are used for defense and during fights with other males. Hens typically have smaller, less noticeable spurs or may lack spurs altogether.
It's important to note that these are general differences, and there can be some variation within each sex. However, these plumage characteristics are generally reliable for distinguishing male and female wild turkeys in the field.