1. Size:
- Males are typically larger than females, with a more robust build.
2. Neck Ring:
- Male ringneck doves have a prominent black or dark-colored ring around their necks, which is usually wider and more distinct than in females.
3. Feather Coloration:
- Males have brighter and more vibrant plumage, especially on the neck and chest. The feathers on their backs are often glossier and more iridescent.
- Females, on the other hand, have duller and less colorful feathers.
4. Behavior and Vocalizations:
- Males are more vocal and often engage in courtship displays and singing to attract females. They produce a distinctive "cooing" sound, which is louder and more persistent in males.
- Females are generally quieter and make softer sounds.
5. Territoriality:
- Males tend to be more territorial and protective of their territory, especially during the breeding season. They may engage in territorial disputes with other males.
- Females are less territorial and may move more freely within the territory.
6. Breeding Behavior:
- Males are responsible for selecting the nesting site and building the nest. They gather materials like twigs and leaves and construct a platform-like structure.
- Females typically lay two white eggs and take turns incubating them with the male.
It's worth noting that these characteristics may vary slightly among different subspecies and geographical locations.