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These hawks call during breeding season: males more than females, especially around nesting trees in their breeding territory . Both sexes call during their aerial courtship: a series of whistles while diving. The female’s call has one long introductory whistle. In courtship, pairs glide in tandem with outstretched wings and spread fanned tails at low altitude over their breeding territory; they may also circle above it; the dive with tail feathers spread; and rise on stiff wings with fanned, quivering tail.