Feline Gum Infection

Gum infections and dental disease are common in cats. With no dental hygiene routine, they can't get rid of extra food and bacteria. Gum infections can be serious, not just for the cat's dental health but for their overall well-being. It is important to check your cat's mouth regularly for signs of tooth damage and swollen or bleeding gums.

  1. Identification

    • Eric Barchas, DVM, explains that the symptoms of feline gum infections develop over long periods of time, so they can be difficult for owners to see. Bad breath, a decreased appetite and lethargy are all signs of oral problems. As it can be difficult to examine a cat's mouth, sometimes only a vet can diagnose the extent of a feline gum infection when the cat is anesthetized.

    Significance

    • Although gum infections primarily affect the mouth, they also can have a serious impact on the cat's overall health. If left untreated, a gum infection can cause potentially life-threatening illnesses, including sinus infections, sepsis (a blood infection) and even heart failure. The cat may also find it difficult or painful to eat, so a decreased appetite will cause weight loss, too. Seek advice from a vet as soon as you notice signs of a gum infection.

    Causes

    • Gum infections are caused by poor oral hygiene. Unlike humans, cats have no way of cleaning their teeth. Over time, bacteria builds up on the teeth and gums, causing an infection. Tartar also gathers on the teeth, which irritates the gums and can cause them to recede. Slowly, the root of the tooth becomes exposed, which leaves the cat more susceptible to gum infections. Other effects of excess tartar are cavities and tooth loss.

    Prevention/Solution

    • Vet Arnold Plotnick says that the majority of cats aged 5 years and older have some form of gum infection or oral problem. He recommends regular oral checks and professional cleaning by a vet as the best method of prevention. Under anesthetic, vets can remove any tartar or debris and might also remove affected teeth. If the cat has a severe gum infection, it will be prescribed a course of antibiotics.

    Considerations

    • The type of food you feed your cat will affect the development of gum infections. Canned wet food contains high amounts of sugar and is more likely to get stuck in oral cavities, causing problems later on. Dry food, however, is better for your cat's teeth and will slow down the progression of any oral problems. It is also possible to buy special chews that will help clean your cat's teeth.