Severe Cat Constipation Treatment

Constipation is a common problem in cats, but when constipation is severe it can pose some serious health risks. Severe cat constipation can lead to megacolon, an enlargement of the colon from impacted fecal material, and obstipation, complete colon blockage. Severe constipation doesn't always lead to megacolon or obstipation, but in either case a prolonged blockage of the colon can result in lethargy, dehydration, pelvic injury, nerve injury and urinary incontinence.

  1. Symptoms

    • In addition to the obvious lack of regular bowel movements, other signs of constipation include obvious distress, frequent trips to the litter box, straining to defecate, crying, licking the genital area and painful defecation, according to Pets1st.com.

    Obstipation and Megacolon

    • Obstipation is the complete blockage of the colon. An entirely impacted colon results in the cat not being able to pass stool at all, and can be accompanied by severe pain and lethargy. Megacolon develops when the large intestine becomes enlarged and is sometimes due to a problem with the smooth muscle of the intestinal wall, according to Pet Education. Both obstipation and megacolon often require surgery.

    Diet

    • A change in diet is usually the first attempt at treatment, as it is low-cost and easy to implement, according to LittleBigCat.com. Cats that eat dry food tend to suffer from constipation much more frequently than those that eat wet food. Diets with higher fiber contents tend to help regulate digestion. Dietary changes often help initially, though they tend to lose effectiveness over time.

    Medications

    • The treatment of severe constipation in cats depends on the stage of their illness. Severe constipation is usually accompanied by severe dehydration, and your cat may need to be hospitalized in order for your veterinarian to administer intravenous fluids. Oral medications prescribed for severe constipation include: cisapride, given to stimulate digestive movement; and lactulose, a laxative and stool softener, according to VetInfo.com.

    Surgery

    • For cats that do not respond to intravenous fluids and medications, surgery is the only alternative. Typically, the surgery performed is a subtotal colectomy, a removal of the diseased portion of the cat's colon. Recovery usually takes several weeks, but the prognosis is good for otherwise healthy cats, according to PetEducation.com.