Advanced Kidney Disease in Cats

Advanced kidney disease can leave cats dehydrated and lethargic, causing many pet owners to worry. This disease leads to kidney failure, also known as chronic renal failure, and education about advanced kidney disease can help owners find the treatment option that will give their cats the energy to enjoy life again.

  1. Definition

    • A cat's kidneys filter out toxins, which are expelled through urination. Kidneys stop functioning optimally when they are diseased. This causes dehydration and a decrease in electrolytes, while the cat's body absorbs toxins instead of getting rid of them.

    Types

    • Acute kidney disease can come on quickly in a cat of any age, usually due to kidney stones, bacterial infections, blood clots or ingestion of antifreeze, according to Cornell University. However, kidney disease is more common in older cats when it progresses gradually--this is known as chronic kidney disease. The cause of chronic kidney disease is unknown, but many cats have excessive scar tissue that deteriorates their kidney function over time.

    Types

    • The earliest symptoms of kidney disease are usually increased thirst and urination, as a cat's body fails to retain moisture. Symptoms of advanced kidney disease include decreased appetite, weight loss and nausea. Cats may vomit food or a foamy substance--not the usual hair balls. Later, they may become lethargic as anemia hits and the toxins in their bodies cause them to feel discomfort.

    Feeding

    • Many veterinarians prescribe a diet that is easy on the cat's kidneys. Often, the diet has low salt and phosphorus contents, which reduces waste and manages electrolyte imbalances. However, if a cat is emaciated and refuses to eat the special diet, the most important thing is to keep the cat from starving.

    Treatment

    • Kidney failure is usually irreversible, according to veterinarian Gregory F. Grauer at Kansas State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. However, treatment can prolong a cat's life and enhance its quality by easing discomfort. To combat dehydration that makes cats feel sick, veterinarians sometimes administer subcutaneous fluid therapy, which means injecting cats with fluids under their skin. Intravenous fluids may also help. If cats are weak and uninterested in food, veterinarians may prescribe an appetite stimulant. In extreme cases, dialysis can help rid cats of toxins through a catheter and artificial kidney.