Causes of a Skinny Cat with Diarrhea

Cats are susceptible to a variety of health issues both minor and serious that may cause weight loss and diarrhea. Though not indicative of an illness or a specific diagnosis, weight loss and diarrhea in cats can indicate minor food allergies or something as serious as cancer or parasites. The average acute case of diarrhea should last no more than three days, much more than that and a veterinarian should be consulted. Weight loss associated with diarrhea can be indicative of several health issues, most of which require the assistance of a veterinarian.

  1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    • A microscopic accumulation of inflamed cells inside the wall of the intestines, the exact cause is not known but thought to be an immune disorder. IBD in cats most often presents with diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss, but may vary depending on the amount and severity of inflammation. Symptoms may also be affected by where the inflammation is taking place, for example, vomiting is most common when the stomach and upper small intestine are the problem, while diarrhea is seen more often when the colon is involved. In severe cases, the animal will cease eating, may have bloody stool and a fever. If vomiting and diarrhea are present for more than two days, a veterinarian should be consulted. To diagnose IBD, a vet may perform a physical exam to feel for thickening of the intestines, as well as order laboratory tests including a chemistry panel and complete blood count. Currently, IBD can be controlled but not cured. Most often, a combination of diet change and medication is used to alleviate symptoms and provide better nutrient absorption. Additionally, trials are being run using hypoallergenic diets, low fat foods, and increasing intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

    Parasites

    • Found in as much as 45 percent of cats and kittens, gastrointestinal parasites are a leading cause of illness among domesticated felines. Parasites can resemble worms, including hook or tape worms, but can also be microscopic one-celled organisms such as Giardia or Toxoplasma. Each species can cause different health concerns, but almost all present with vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. Other symptoms, often occurring alongside each other can be somewhat nonspecific, including coughing, dull coat and a pot-bellied appearance. Parasites found in the gastrointestinal tract often leach nutrients, making the cat weak and more susceptible to infections that are both viral and bacterial, and some can be transferred to human handlers. Preventing infestation is the easiest way to avoid health issues and death. Kittens are regularly given deworming medications for roundworms and hookworms during annual vet visits. For older cats, especially those who are allowed to roam outside, a yearly fecal test should be run every three to six months. If an infestation does appear, pills or powder must be administered for treatment. A vet can prescribe the necessary medications and dosages, and all must be taken to prevent a reoccurrence.

    Toxins

    • Cats can be exposed to toxic substances from just about anywhere. Plants, foods, insecticides and household products are just a few of the everyday items that may cause serious illnesses in cats. Exposure to some of these substances often causes diarrhea, vomiting and ultimately weight loss in young or adult felines. Easter lilies, lead, mercury, garbage and grapes can all cause irreversible damage within as little as 18 hours. If exposure is suspected a veterinarian should be contacted as soon as possible so treatment can be given. Usually involving activated charcoal, intravenous fluids and an emetic to induce bowel movements, an overnight stay is usually required.