Feline Kidney Failure

Kidney failure is a common disease among cats. Many cats are allowed to roam freely around neighborhoods, so they often get into substances stored around homes, such as antifreeze and other chemicals, or may contract diseases that cause acute, or sudden, kidney failure that is treatable. Older cats may contract chronic, or long-term, kidney failure, which cannot be treated. The goal is to keep these cats as healthy and comfortable as possible.

  1. Acute Renal Failure

    • Diseases pertaining to the kidneys are called "renal" diseases.. Acute renal failure usually occurs from toxic injury to the kidneys when cats consume ethylene glycol antifreeze, or it can occur from infections that affect the kidneys. Symptoms can be subtle, as cats generally hide being sick, but can include vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, ulcers in the mouth, dehydration and depression. Tests to determine acute renal failure include blood count, serum biochemistry tests, urinalysis, X-rays and ultrasound of the kidneys.

    Chronic Renal Failure

    • Chronic renal failure is commonly seen in cats over the age of 8 years. It does not appear to have any specific cause beyond the aging of the kidney cells and structures. Some research suggests too much protein in the diet may be one of the causes, but the data is inconclusive. Early symptoms of chronic feline kidney failure can be vague, but may include appetite loss, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and sores in the mouth. The cat may drink more water, urinate more frequently and may urinate in the house. Tests to diagnose chronic feline renal failure include urinalysis, complete blood count, and blood serum tests like the BUN and creatinine tests. Ultrasound tests help to determine the condition of the kidneys.

    Treating Acute Renal Failure

    • Acute renal failure can be deadly, and immediate and aggressive must be started to restore kidney function and save the life of the animal. Vomiting may be induced to remove the antifreeze or other toxin from the bloodstream. IV fluids are given to rehydrate the body. Sodium, potassium and phosphorous levels are regulated. A blood transfusion may be needed to fight anemia.

    Treating Chronic Renal Failure

    • Older cats can go for many years with treated chronic renal disease, but progression of the disease will lead to death. The goal of the veterinarian is to alleviate symptoms and keep quality of life for the animal for as long as is feasible. Special diets, medications for nausea, drugs to control anemia and subcutaneous or IV fluids to prevent dehydration are standard. Dialysis and kidney transplants are available but are expensive and can be found only in some areas.

    Preventing Feline Kidney Failure

    • Store antifreeze and other toxic chemicals where cats and other animals cannot get them. Soak up any antifreeze spills in your garage or driveway and wash with soap and water. Make sure your animal is vaccinated against diseases. There is no way to prevent chronic renal failure in cats, but prompt and ongoing treatment for the condition can help your cat live a longer and happier life.