Feline HIV

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a retrovirus similar to HIV in humans. According to the Feline Health Center at Cornell University, approximately 1.5 percent to 3 percent of healthy cats are infected with FIV in the United States. FIV depresses a cat's immune system and makes him susceptible to secondary infections.

  1. Transmission

    • Male cats who fight with other males may be exposed to FIV.

      FIV is contagious from cat to cat, most commonly through bite wounds, but can't be transferred to humans. Outdoor cats are at higher risk. Rarely, FIV may pass from a mother to her kittens during birth or through her milk.

    Symptoms

    • Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections can be a symptom of FIV.

      Some symptoms of FIV are poor hair coat, persistent fever, decreased appetite and weight loss, chronic diarrhea, swollen gums and chronic infections.

    Diagnosis

    • Most veterinarians can perform the FIV screening tests right at their hospitals.

      Initial diagnosis is made by a blood test that screens for the presence of FIV antibodies. A positive test should be confirmed by additional blood testing.

    Vaccination

    • Some vaccines have been implicated in causing sarcomas (cancers) in cats.

      The American Association of Feline Practitioners does not recommend vaccination against FIV because of concerns about the effectiveness of the vaccine, and the possibility of false positives in vaccinated cats.

    Management

    • With good management, FIV-positive cats can live five or more years after initial diagnosis.

      If you have an FIV-positive cat, you can take steps to manage his disease. Keep him indoors to limit his exposure to other diseases. Feed him a balanced diet. Take him for veterinary checkups every six months. Keep up with routine vaccinations and worming. Monitor him closely for any signs of secondary disease.