Cat Rhinovirus Information

The rhinotracheitis virus is one of the two most common causes of respiratory illnesses in cats. According to veterinarian Holly Nash, the rhinotracheitis virus and calicivirus account for 80%-90% of respiratory infections in cats. While the virus cannot be cured, outbreaks can often be mitigated, allowing infected cats to live a full lifespan.

  1. What is Rhinovirus?

    • Rhinovirus is the more commonly used name of feline rhinotracheitis virus. This virus is also known as feline herpes-1. The term rhinovirus is actually an incorrect designation for the virus, and the name "rhinotracheitis virus" should be used.

    Symptoms of rhinotracheitis virus

    • The most common symptoms of rhinotracheitis virus infection are sneezing, nasal discharge and conjunctivitis. In severe infections, the virus may cause lesions on the eyes, leading to permanent scar tissue. A high fever is common and loss of appetite can be dramatic.

    Transmission

    • The virus is present in the discharge from the eyes and nose of an infected cat. The rhinotracheitis virus is transmitted primarily through direct contact between cats. The virus can also be transmitted through contaminated bedding and food dishes. Humans can also transmit the virus from cat to cat on their hands or clothes.

    Treatment

    • There is no cure for the rhinotracheitis virus. During outbreaks, supportive care, such as removing discharge from the eyes and nose, is recommended. A veterinarian may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections from developing. (Antibiotics will not kill the virus.)

    Prognosis

    • Cats infected with the rhinotracheitis virus will become lifelong carriers and have occasional outbreaks. Antivirals such as lysine and alpha interferon may lower the risk and lessen the severity of outbreaks. Maintaining a calm and stress-free environment will help prevent rhinotracheitis viral outbreaks. Most cats with the rhinotracheitis virus will live a normal lifespan, with occasional outbreaks that need supportive care.

    Vaccination

    • A vaccine against the rhinotracheitis virus is a common recommendation by veterinarians. The rhinotracheitis virus vaccine is generally the "R" in the vaccine summary (example: FVCRP combination vaccine). The vaccine is most effective before a cat has been exposed to the virus.