Causes of Feline Renal Failure

Just like humans, cats depend on their kidneys to filter waste products from the body. Unfortunately, 70 percent of kidney function must be lost before the cat will exhibit symptoms of renal failure. If a cat shows possible signs of renal failure, consult a veterinarian as soon as possible.

  1. Significance

    • The kidneys rely on about 200,000 tiny structures called nephrons to eliminate waste products and regulate electrolytes. Renal failure occurs when the nephrons are damaged or begin to die off. As the renal failure progresses, anemia and blood pressure problems can develop.

    Types of Renal Failure

    • There are two types of feline renal failure, acute and chronic. Acute renal failure (ARF) comes on suddenly and is accompanied by significant decrease in urine production. Chronic renal failure (CRF) tends to progress over time and is irreversible. According to the Feline CRF Infomation Center, CRF is one of the leading causes of death in older cats.

    Causes of Renal Failure

    • The most common causes of ARF in cats are infection, urinary obstructions, trauma, and toxin ingestion. The most common toxin ingested is antifreeze. According to the Feline CRF Infomation Center, CRF is one of the leading causes of death in older cats. As cats age, the risk of renal failure increases. Disease, genetics, and environment also play key roles. Due to the complex interaction of conditions that cause renal failure, there is no single standard method to prevent it.

    Considerations

    • Different factors may contribute to the onset of kidney failure. Higher-acid diets fed to cats with urinary tract disease may interfere with potassium absorption. Potassium is an important electrolyte that plays a primary role in heart function.

      Dental disease can cause bacteria in the mouth that can contribute to kidney failure. It is important for cats to have routine teeth cleaning and mouth exams to maintain good health. Oral surgery can release bacteria that may worsen kidney failure. Consult your veterinarian about pre-op antibiotics before cleaning or oral surgery.

      High blood pressure can damage the kidneys by overworking the nephrons, causing them to deteriorate quicker. Overactive thyroid increases blood flow to the kidneys and can mask the signs of kidney failure. Regular monitoring of kidney function should be done in cats who are being treated for overactive thyroid.

    Research

    • Medical research is looking for ways to detect renal failure in cats sooner and offer better treatment options. Heska has developed the only test available that detects small amounts of albumin in urine, which allows earlier detection of kidney disease. The Morris Animal Foundation completed a study in the fall of 2009 at Colorado State University to determine if there is a link between kidney disease and routine vaccines. Auburn University in Alabama is testing fenoldopam, a high blood pressure medication, to determine if it would increase kidney function and urine output

    Conclusion

    • Maintain healthy kidney function in your cat with regular exams, including bloodwork and urine analysis, to monitor overall health and look for trends in kidney function. Follow your vet's recommendation on food and nutrition as well as dental exams. If your cat shows any signs of potential kidney problems, seek care immediately.