Many pet owners have watched their cats vomiting up cat food, only to re-consume it moments later---sometimes, even each other's food. As with dogs, there are no proven nor disproven theories as to why this happens, only educated guesses.
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History
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Relatively little research has been done regarding this behavior in either cats or dogs, with regard to palatability, flavor preferences and food choice, says Dr. Jennifer Larsen, assistant professor of clinical nutrition in veterinary medicine at the University of California, Davis.
Theories/Speculation
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"We do know that texture and moisture content are important for cats, and that warming food helps to release certain positive odors and flavors," Dr. Larsen says. "Perhaps a warm, moist meal---even if freshly vomited---has some appeal to a cat."
Considerations
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Dr. Larsen adds that unless the cause of regurgitation is due to spoiled or poisonous food, no harm should come as a result of eating the vomit. Other minor complications to consider are if one cat is on a special diet but the vomiter isn't, or if you're tracking specific intake (calories, nutrients, etc.) of food.
Expert Insight
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Because so little is known about this behavior, it may be difficult to know who to consult. Some veterinarians believe that it's a behavioral issue, while animal behaviorists believe there might be a medical component involved. If your cat is vomiting frequently---regardless of whether it is re-consuming its vomit---consult your veterinarian; there may be a medical issue to address.
Warning
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Be aware if your cat is chewing, sucking or swallowing non-food items; your cat may have a condition called pica. Theories behind what causes pica include wanting attention, nutritional deficiencies or even genetic predispositions (some breeds, such as Oriental cats, are often fond of licking wool or fabric). Chewing on electrical cords may result in electrocution, and the consumption of non-food items can result in intestinal blockage, which may then require surgical intervention.
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