According to the Veterinary Clinics of North America, gingivitis and periodontal disease are the most common feline dental diseases. Gum diseases are caused by the buildup of bacterial plaque. Plaque quickly hardens into tartar, also known as dental calculus. Unlike tooth enamel, this material is rough and plaque accumulates on it more quickly. Plaque and tartar irritate the gums, which become inflamed and begin to recede. Infection can easily set in at this point and the structures holding the teeth can weaken.
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Gingivitis Symptoms
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Often, cat owners don't become aware of dental problems until the condition has progressed to an advanced level. Your cat's gums should be pink and firm; the teeth should be white and smooth. Signs your cat is suffering from gum disease include red and swollen gums, bad breath, tartar buildup on teeth, drooling, poor appetite and weight loss. In its early stages, gingivitis is reversible. To keep your cat's mouth, gums and teeth in the best possible condition, maintain a regular dental care regimen.
Anti-Plaque Diet
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A diet based entirely on soft canned food can promote tartar formation. Dry kibble does not accumulate between the teeth and gums as readily and its crunchy texture cleans teeth. There are special diets available to assist in tartar removal and overall gum health. The Veterinary Oral Health Council provides a seal of acceptance on several products that are available commercially and through veterinarians.
Dental Care
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Regular brushing is the best prevention. At least twice a week, brush your cat's teeth. Get started slowly and use only pet-specific toothpastes. Never use human toothpaste on cats or dogs. Cat-specific toothpastes are available in a variety of cringe-inducing flavors that cats love--beef, chicken or malt to name a few--and these pastes may make your job easier. There are veterinary-strength anti-plaque toothpastes available by prescription as well.
To begin, simply hold your cats head for a day or two to let her get used to being handled. Always provide a tasty treat after each session. Next, graduate to lifting her lips. If she will tolerate it, gently touch her teeth. Continue this practice for two or three days. Before trying the toothbrush, use a bit of gauze wrapped around your finger. It will provide a mildly abrasive surface and let your cat get used to the sensation of gum massage. Try to work quickly because your cat will not love this procedure no matter how good the final treat.
Finally, try the brush. A child's soft-bristle toothbrush will work, or you can use a small pet toothbrush. Hold the brush at a 45 degree angle and concentrate your efforts along the gum line and towards the back.
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