Frontline is a topical pesticide applied to dogs and cats to prevent flea infestations. The solution is applied in a single spot between the animal's shoulder blades, where the animal cannot lick the solution off before it is absorbed. Contact with the skin can irritate sensitive animals. Consumer reviews indicate Frontline is better as a preventative than an "after the fact" solution, as the chemicals used in Frontline attack adult fleas rather than the eggs or larvae. Frontline Plus has an added ingredient that tackles eggs and larvae.
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The Facts
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The main pesticide ingredient in Frontline and Frontline Top Spot is fipronil. Frontline Plus also has fipronil and includes S-methoprene, a growth inhibitor targeting flea eggs and larvae. Both chemicals are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Fipronil has been shown to cause adverse skin reactions in sensitive animals. Fipronil is also used to control fire ants in turf grass. S-methoprene is used to prevent mosquitoes in drinking water by the World Health Organization.
Types
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Known skin reactions to Frontline include redness at the application site, itching, hair loss, ulceration, weeping sores and skin sloughing. Skin reactions can also occur away from the application site. Merial, the maker of Frontline, Frontline Top Spot and Frontline Plus, says adverse reactions to their product include minor skin irritation, lethargy and perhaps vomiting.
Considerations
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Follow all package instructions for use on healthy adult animals. Do not use on pregnant or nursing animals without consulting a veterinarian. Do not use on young (eight weeks and under), aged or sick animals, or those known to have skin sensitivity issues. Protect your own skin as well during application and keep children away from an animal that has freshly applied Frontline on its fur or skin.
Misconceptions
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A chemical regulated for use by the EPA is not necessarily "safe." Every animal is unique and skin reactions to the chemicals in Frontline may vary. Allergic reactions to Frontline are rare but they do occur, usually in the form of skin lesions or "hot spots."
Prevention/Solution
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Merial says in the case of adverse skin reaction, wash the product off the animal and discontinue use. Humans applying Frontline to their pets should avoid contact with their own skin or eyes and should wash their hands well with soap and water after use.
Warning
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Consumer reviews indicate that in the years 2006 to 2009, fleas in the United States seem to have developed a resistance to Frontline. Either the Frontline did not bother the fleas at all or it lasted only two weeks. Some reviews indicate this especially applies to packages of Frontline purchased online rather than at a pet supply outlet or veterinary office. Talk to your veterinarian to discover the recommended flea curatives in your area.
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