Cushing's disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a hormonal disorder that affects mostly dogs but is occasionally seen in cats. Symptoms in cats may be subtle, causing the disease to go unnoticed for some time. Once detected, the disease is often confused with other disorders. Veterinarians are likely to go through various diagnostic tests until Cushing's disease is confirmed by exclusion.
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Cause
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Cushing's disease is caused by the overproduction of cortisol, a corticosteroid hormone responsible for responding to stress. This hormone is generally produced in excess when a tumor appears on the pituitary gland or the adrenal glands, or when a pet is prescribed long-term cortisone.
Symptoms
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Cats with Cushing's disease will exhibit increased drinking and urination, panting, lethargy, a distended abdomen, hair loss and thinning skin.
Diagnosis
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Veterinarians diagnose Cushing's disease by having the cat undergo various blood tests, urinary tests and an ACTH stimulation test, which checks for proper functioning of the adrenal glands. X-rays and ultrasounds may check for calcium buildup near the adrenal glands, suggesting the presence of tumors.
Treatment
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Cushing's disease is treated either by removing any tumors or by oral medications. Surgery seems to be the treatment of choice, but it can be difficult and is best performed by a specialist.
Prognosis
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The prognosis for cats with Cushing's disease is generally good. Cats that undergo surgery may need intensive postoperative care, lifelong medications and frequent followups to stabilize their blood electrolyte levels.
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