Normally, when a cat eats, the pancreas produces the hormone, insulin, as part of the digestive process. Insulin allows the glucose from the food to be absorbed by the cells. If there is an improper amount of insulin production, the cells are unable to use the glucose, thereby depriving them of this nutritional component. The glucose, that has been broken down in digestion, then accumulates in the bloodstream, raising the blood sugar levels. This excess sugar is then removed from the body in the urine, as the kidneys try to regular the glucose level.
-
Classic Symptoms
-
Increased thirst and urination are the two most common symptoms, although lethargy, weight loss, hunger, weakness and difficulty walking can also be observed.
Advanced Symptoms
-
Without treatment, diabetes leads to metabolic disturbances which are manifested as vomiting, severe loss of appetite and dehydration.
Causes
-
The exact cause is unknown although there appears to be a genetic predisposition. Other factors include obesity, hyperthyroidism, pancreatitis and certain medications like steroids.
Diagnostic Tests
-
A series of blood and urine tests need to be administered with the normal glucose levels being 80- 120 mg/dl.
Treatment
-
A diet high in fiber and complex carbohydrates will be recommended, as well as daily insulin injections.
Prognosis
-
Cats can live for many years with this medical condition. Regularly monitor the glucose level to determine if the insulin therapy is adequate.
-