Why do cats act like they are kneading dough?

Comfort and security: Kneading is often associated with nursing behavior in kittens. When nursing, kittens press their paws against their mother's belly to encourage milk flow. This motion can bring back feelings of comfort and security from their early days, promoting relaxation in adult cats.

Scent marking: Cats have scent glands located on their paws. By kneading, they release pheromones that mark their territory and communicate their presence to other cats. This behavior can be especially common in multi-cat households or when cats feel stressed or insecure.

Stretching and muscle exercise: Kneading also serves as a form of stretching and exercise for cats. By extending and flexing their paws and claws, they keep their joints and muscles flexible and strong. This is particularly important for indoor cats that have limited opportunities for outdoor exploration and exercise.

Communication and bonding: Kneading can be a way for cats to communicate their emotions and form bonds with their owners. Some cats knead when they want attention or affection, and they may even do it on their owners' lap or chest as a sign of trust and companionship.

Releasing tension and relaxation: Kneading can have a calming effect on cats, helping them to relieve stress and tension. The rhythmic motion of kneading is thought to promote the release of endorphins, which are feel-good chemicals that contribute to relaxation and contentment in both cats and humans.