1. DNA template: This is the DNA sequence you want to amplify.
2. Primers: These are short, single-stranded DNA sequences that are complementary to the ends of the target sequence. They act as starting points for DNA synthesis.
3. dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphates): These are the building blocks of DNA, containing the four nucleotide bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine).
4. DNA polymerase: This enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands using the template and primers. It is heat-stable, allowing it to withstand the high temperatures used during PCR.