1. Anemia: Fleas feed on the cat's blood, and a large number of fleas can consume enough blood to cause severe anemia. Anemia can lead to weakness, lethargy, pale gums, rapid breathing, and even heart failure if left untreated.
2. Blood loss: In addition to anemia, heavy flea infestation can cause significant blood loss through the flea bites. This can lead to shock, collapse, and even death.
3. Flea allergy dermatitis: Some cats are allergic to flea saliva, and flea bites can trigger an allergic reaction known as flea allergy dermatitis (FAD). FAD causes intense itching, skin inflammation, and lesions. Cats with severe FAD may constantly scratch and bite themselves, leading to skin infections, hair loss, and discomfort. The stress and discomfort caused by FAD can also affect the cat's overall health.
4. Disease transmission: Fleas can carry and transmit various diseases and parasites, such as tapeworms, Bartonella bacteria (causing cat scratch disease), and mycoplasma that can cause respiratory infections. These diseases can further compromise a cat's health and well-being.
5. Stress: A heavy flea infestation can cause significant stress and anxiety in cats. Constant itching, discomfort, and the presence of fleas on their body can disrupt their normal behavior and affect their mental well-being. Chronic stress can have a negative impact on the cat's overall health and immune system.
It's important to note that kittens and older or debilitated cats are more susceptible to the harmful effects of flea infestation and may be at a higher risk of developing life-threatening complications. Regular flea prevention measures, such as monthly flea treatments and environmental flea control, are crucial to protect cats from flea infestation and its potential consequences.