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The Existing Cat
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Consider the cat living in the household, as this will play a huge part in the success of getting a second cat. How old is your cat? Does the cat have any experience with other animals, specifically another cat? Is it a social creature who likes to play or is it more solitary and demanding of your time and attention? Some cats do better when they are the only cat in a household, and others enjoy the social companionship of other cats. Be respectful of your cat's temperament -- if the cat is a solitary creature that doesn't enjoy others, getting a second cat may not be a wise idea.
Preparation
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Prepare at home before getting a second cat by getting a second litter box and some multi-cat litter. You may eventually be able to downsize to one litter box once the cats are acclimated to each other, but start by having at least two. Buy some toys for both cats, including some of your cat's favorites. Get a second food and water bowl as well, as cats are territorial and your cat may not want to share.
Introducing the Two Cats
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When you bring the new cat home, keep the cats in separate rooms for a few days. This will give the new cat time to explore and get used to the home and the older cat can get used to the smell of the new cat without having to come face-to-face with it. After a few days, let the cats spend some time together but supervise the encounter and be prepared to separate them if conflict arises. Continue to supervise any interaction for a few days and keep them in separate rooms with closed doors while you are gone. Eventually allow the cats more and more time together until you no longer need to keep them separate.
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Tips on Getting a Second Cat
Many cat owners enjoy their cat so much that they consider getting a second cat. There are several aspects to deliberate when it comes to getting a second cat, including whether the existing cat will accept the new cat, whether the cat owner is ready for the responsibility of two cats, and what the acclimation process will include.