Piloerection is a natural defense mechanism that helps cats to make themselves look bigger and more intimidating. When a cat is threatened, it will often arch its back and fluff up its fur in order to appear more threatening. This can help to deter predators and make the cat more likely to escape danger.
In addition to being a defense mechanism, piloerection can also be a sign of excitement or pleasure. For example, a cat that is being petted or played with may have its fur stand on end because it is enjoying the experience.
If you see your cat's fur standing on end, it is important to pay attention to the context in order to determine what is causing it. If the cat is in a threatening situation, it is important to try to remove the source of the threat and calm the cat down. If the cat is simply excited or enjoying itself, there is no need to worry.