What Types of Food Do Dogs Need?

Your dog is a faithful companion who depends on you to provide the healthiest, happiest life possible. Although it might be tempting to feed your furry friend the same foods you enjoy, it's important to know the dietary needs of your dog. Like humans, dogs need a combination of nutrients to maintain good health. Talk to your veterinarian about your companion's nutritional needs.

  1. Basic Nutrients

    • Like humans, dogs need a combination of protein, carbohydrates and fat to stay healthy. Protein is necessary for growing and repairing tissues and organs, carbohydrates provide energy and fat helps your dog absorb vitamins. Animal and plant products can provide these three necessary nutrients, although animal products tend to provide more protein and fat. An adult dog's diet should consist of at least 18 percent protein and 5 percent fat, with carbohydrates making up the remaining percentage, according to PetEducation.com. The Association of American Feed Control Professionals must approve store-bought dog foods that claim to be complete or balanced foods.

    Vitamins and Minerals

    • Many vitamins and minerals are not produced in a dog's body, making it important that he consume these vital components in his food. Vitamins and minerals help support numerous functions within your dog, including keeping a healthy coat and skin and aiding in chemical processes in his body. Do not give your dog a vitamin or mineral supplement unless specifically instructed by a veterinarian. Overconsumption of vitamins can cause hypervitaminosis, which can lead to serious health complications.

    Water

    • While protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals are important, water is the most vital nutrient for keeping your dog healthy. According to the ASPCA, your adult dog's body is 60 to 70 percent water. A deficit of 10 percent of water intake can have serious health implications and might even be fatal. A dog will drink an adequate amount of water on his own, as long as he has access to it. Have clean, cool water available to your dog at all times.

    Foods to Avoid

    • Several foods that humans consume are considered toxic to dogs, including chocolate, onions, garlic, raisins and grapes. Caffeine should never be given to a dog because of its effect on the heart and nervous system. Additionally, raw meat and eggs should be avoided because these uncooked foods have the potential for bacteria, parasites and salmonella. Unless you are sure that a food will not harm your dog, the best practice is not to feed it to him. Instead, use a balanced or complete dog food, particularly one recommended by your pet's veterinarian.