Physiological Effects:
* Increased metabolism: The body tries to cool down, leading to faster breathing and heart rate.
* Vasodilation: Blood vessels dilate to bring more blood to the skin surface, attempting to release heat.
* Panting: Cats don't sweat like humans, so they pant to evaporate moisture and cool down.
* Weakness: Muscle weakness and lethargy set in as the body struggles to function.
* Organ damage: High temperatures can damage vital organs like the brain, liver, and kidneys.
Symptoms:
* High body temperature: A normal temperature for cats is between 100.5°F and 102.5°F (38°C - 39.2°C). A temperature above 103°F (39.4°C) is considered hyperthermia.
* Panting: Excessive panting, especially when the cat is at rest.
* Lethargy: Weakness, sluggishness, and lack of energy.
* Rapid heartbeat: Increased heart rate.
* Vomiting: May experience nausea and vomiting.
* Diarrhea: Loose stools.
* Seizures: In severe cases, seizures can occur.
* Coma: In extreme cases, the cat may lapse into a coma.
Causes:
* Heatstroke: Exposure to extreme heat, especially when trapped in a hot car or outdoors without shade and water.
* Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause fever.
* Dehydration: Lack of fluids can lead to overheating.
* Certain medications: Some medications can cause a rise in body temperature.
* Underlying medical conditions: Conditions like thyroid disease or cancer can cause hyperthermia.
What to do:
* Seek immediate veterinary attention: Hyperthermia is a medical emergency.
* Cool the cat down gradually: Place cool, wet towels on the cat's body, but avoid ice water as it can cause shock.
* Give the cat water: If the cat is conscious, offer water to help rehydrate them.
* Do not induce vomiting unless directed by a veterinarian: Vomiting can make the condition worse.
Prevention:
* Provide shade and water: Ensure your cat has access to cool, shady areas and fresh water.
* Never leave a cat in a hot car: Even with the windows cracked, temperatures inside a car can quickly rise to dangerous levels.
* Monitor your cat's temperature: If your cat has any of the symptoms of hyperthermia, take their temperature and seek veterinary help immediately.
Remember, hyperthermia is a serious condition that can be fatal if not treated promptly. If you suspect your cat has a high temperature, seek immediate veterinary care.