Surgical castration: This is the most common method of castration and involves the surgical removal of the testicles. It can be performed under general or local anaesthesia and is usually done by a veterinarian. Surgical castration is a permanent method of castration and is considered to be the most effective in preventing unwanted pregnancy.
Chemical castration: This method involves the use of drugs or hormones to suppress the production of testosterone, the hormone responsible for male sexual characteristics. Chemical castration can be used temporarily or permanently, and is often used as a treatment for sex offenders.
Radiation castration: This method involves the use of radiation to damage the testicles and prevent the production of sperm. Radiation castration is a permanent method of castration and is rarely used due to the potential for side effects such as skin damage and cancer.
Banding castration: This method involves the placement of a tight rubber band around the testicles, which cuts off the blood supply and causes them to atrophy. Banding castration is a permanent method of castration and is commonly used in livestock.
Emasculation: This is an archaic method of castration that involves the physical destruction of the testicles by crushing or cutting them off. Emasculation is rarely used today due to the risk of infection and severe pain.