Domestic Animals:
* Dogs: From the tiny chihuahua to the massive Great Dane, selective breeding has produced over 300 dog breeds with diverse sizes, appearances, temperaments, and abilities.
* Cats: Different breeds of cats, like the Persian, Maine Coon, and Siamese, have been developed through selective breeding for their unique coat patterns, fur length, and personality.
* Horses: From the powerful draft horse to the graceful Arabian, selective breeding has created horses suitable for work, transportation, and sport.
* Cattle: Dairy cows have been bred for high milk production, while beef cattle have been selected for meat quality and size.
* Sheep: Sheep have been bred for different wool qualities, meat production, and milk production.
* Pigs: Different breeds of pigs have been developed for meat production and disease resistance.
Plants:
* Corn: Modern corn varieties have been selectively bred from a small, wild ancestor to produce large, high-yielding ears.
* Wheat: Wheat varieties have been developed for disease resistance, improved yield, and better baking qualities.
* Rice: Rice varieties have been bred for high yields, drought tolerance, and nutrient content.
* Fruits and Vegetables: Many fruits and vegetables have been selectively bred for larger size, better flavor, and improved disease resistance.
Other Organisms:
* Microorganisms: Microorganisms are commonly used in biotechnology and have been selectively bred for specific applications, such as producing enzymes, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels.
Examples of Specific Breeds:
* Golden Retriever: Bred for its hunting abilities and friendly temperament.
* Holstein Cow: Bred for high milk production.
* Angus Beef Cattle: Bred for high-quality beef.
* Merino Sheep: Bred for its fine wool.
* Yorkshire Pig: Bred for meat production.
It is important to note that while selective breeding has produced many beneficial organisms, it can also have unintended consequences, such as inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity. Ethical considerations are crucial when engaging in selective breeding practices.