* Breed: Some breeds are known for having larger litters than others.
* Age and health: Younger, healthier females tend to have larger litters.
* Previous litters: A female dog's first litter is usually smaller than subsequent litters.
* Overall health: A dog's overall health and nutrition can influence litter size.
Generally, a female dog can have anywhere from 1 to 15 or more puppies in a single litter.
It's important to remember that overcrowding in a litter can lead to health issues for the puppies. A responsible breeder will monitor the litter size and intervene if necessary.